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合并后的MEV：质押ETH的新收益来源
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原文标题：《Who's Gonna Protect You from MEV after the Merge?》 原文来源：Integral 官网原文作者：0xWailord原文编译：0x711，BlockBeats 每个人都在期待以太坊合并事件，这一事件预计在 9 月 15 日发生。 
这是一个老生常谈的话题了：MEV（最大可提取价值）提供了很好的谈话素材，从三明治攻击到剥削 NFT 卖家。这一次，话题的核心是 MEV 和 Merge，即将到来的 PoS 时代的可提取价值是否还有未来。 在 PoS 机制中，有能力提取 MEV 的是质押者，而不是矿工。虽然一些质押者可能不为所动，但研究表明，在质押时进行 MEV 可以带来 2-3 倍的利润。 
MEV 奖励可以让你的 ETH 质押获得 2-3 倍的回报这意味着任何不这样做的质押者都是跟钱过不去，而且这可能稀释他们在网络中的质押权益。为了让质押者更容易获得 MEV 的回报，Flashbots团队发布了名为 mev-boost 的软件。就像当前的 Flashbots 系统一样，mev-boost 将 MEV 交易提供给区块打包者，但有一些关键区别。 最重要的是，mev-boost 只提供完整的区块。Flashbots 曾表示，这是为了防止抢跑交易或防止区块打包者被搜索者（searchers）窃取利润。（搜索者指的是伺机将可能盈利的 MEV 机会打包到区块中的参与者）所以 Flashbots 不希望区块打包者读取区块内容。他们可以自己重新创建和提交区块，但不会给搜索者分一杯羹。因此，obfuscation 的理由很合理，但它也带来了争议。 一方面，mev-boost 存在中心化风险。它的工作原理有点像一个集市。搜索者将交易放在一起，并将完整的区块提交给 Flashbot 运行的 API 中继。然后中继对区块进行一些检查并将其传递给区块打包者。区块打包者（合并后将成为质押者）提取完整区块并将它们添加到区块链中。合并后，或许只存在符合 OFAC 要求并对交易进行审查的中继。 这引出了以太坊网络始终存在问题。例如，为什么网络基本上将区块打包交给一个中心化实体，而该实体可能会因为政治风险而排除敏感交易？这些问题在近期的以太坊开发者会议上被提出来。 以太坊核心开发者 Tim Berko 也对此做出了回应。一些人提议建议将 mev-boost 排除在外，甚至还有人建议推迟合并。 值得称赞的是，Flashbots 团队的回应是开源 mev-boost。但这可能还不够。运行中继和寻找 MEV 机会是一项艰巨的工作。因为对于以太坊质押服务提供商来说，运行上述软件的需求很大。 无论如何，我们希望质押者能够利用 MEV 机会，无论是否有 Flashbot 的帮助。获得的奖励是相当丰厚的。此外，MEV 只会增加质押 ETH 的收益。 作为回应，许多其他中继提供商正在涌现，以太坊社区将如何在合并后的世界中处理 MEV 还有待观察。Integral 会密切关注事态发展。 来源：金色财经 |
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