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美联储发布向加密银行授予“主存款账户”的指导方针
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美联储周一宣布，已敲定关于向新型金融机构提供主存款账户(Master Account) 准入的新指导方针。Master Account 是美国（和国际）金融链中的关键环节。没有它们，金融服务商将依赖拥有它们的中介银行，新指导方针有效地标准化了对拥有“新信托许可证”公司申请主账户准入的考虑，例如加密托管银行及其行业协会。 
该指导方针与 2021 年首次提出的指南大体相似，并将创建一个多层系统，允许美联储根据申请的金融机构类型调整其评估流程以授予访问权限。每一层分别对应一个更严格的审查过程。根据指导方针，一级银行将获得联邦保险；二级银行不会获得联邦保险，但仍“受到联邦银行机构的审慎监管”；第三层由“不受联邦保险且不受联邦银行机构审慎监管”的公司组成，这很可能适用于怀俄明州的加密银行。 美联储在一份声明中表示：“当局仍在为从事新活动的机构制定适当的监督和监管框架，这些机构将接受更广泛的审查。” 美联储在允许加密银行访问美联储账户方面进展缓慢，这长期以来一直引起加密银行家的不满。怀俄明州在2019年出台了允许“区块链银行”的规则。今年6月，总部位于怀俄明州的数字资产托管银行起诉美国联邦储备委员会和堪萨斯城联邦储备银行，声称它等待收到主存款账户的19个月超过了法律规定的响应时间限制。 在敲定这一协议之前，美联储经历了一段长时间的评议期，联邦储备委员会的所有七名成员都对这项动议投了赞成票。 周一的声明似乎将使美联储朝着可能允许Custodia(前身为Avanti)和Kraken Bank等怀俄明州特殊目的存款机构(SPDI)访问主存款账户又近了一步，这样它们就不需要中介银行了。美联储去年首次提出指导意见，开放征求意见程序。近300名受访者提交了评论，导致今年早些时候进行了第二次公开反馈。 美联储副主席莱尔·布雷纳德在一份声明中表示：“新指南提供了一个一致和透明的流程来评估对美联储账户和支付服务访问的请求，以支持安全、包容和创新的支付系统。” 该文件称，“另一方面，许多评论者建议，拟议的指导方针应为具有新信托许可证的机构提供更具挑战性的途径，以获取账户和服务”。 Custodia 和 Kraken 都在 2021 年申请了主存款账户访问权限，就在美联储公布其初步提议前不久。Kraken Bank 的首席执行官 David Kinitsky 当时告诉 CoinDesk，该提议对Kraken来说是积极的。 作者：比推 Amy Liu 来源：金色财经 |
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