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金色观察｜Figment：以太坊合并你需要知道的常见问题
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本文来自以太坊质押服务提供商Figment 什么是合并？以太坊网络正在进行一系列升级，以帮助使其更具可扩展性、安全性和可持续性。这些升级以前被称为以太坊2。其中一些升级最终导致了“The Merge”，代表了以太坊从工作量证明 (POW) 网络向权益证明 (POS) 网络的过渡。 以太坊就像一辆在路上行驶的汽车。目前，它由工作量证明 (PoW) 主网汽油发动机提供动力。Merge就像将PoW汽油发动机换成PoS)信标链电动发动机，而汽车仍正常在路上行驶。使用“Merge”一词是因为主网和信标链将被融合，验证者将接管产出区块的责任。 合并什么时候发生？最后一个以太坊测试网Goerli于8月11日成功合并。目前，The Merge预计将在9月15日左右发生。要查看Ethereum Merge倒计时，推荐Wen Merge网站（https://wenmerge.com/）。 
目前，以太坊PoW主网和PoS信标链并行运行，尽管日常交易在主网上处理，与此同时信标链很大程度上也在就自己的状态达成共识。 合并对ETH有何影响？随着从工作量证明到权益证明的转变，合并对ETH的经济性产生了巨大影响。合并极大地改变了ETH的经济性，减少了发行量，并很可能将其转化为通缩资产。 目前以太坊每天发行约15000枚ETH，分别支付给矿工（约13500 ETH/天）和验证者（约 1500 ETH/天）。最重要的是，每天大约有8100枚ETH被烧毁，这意味着以太坊可能会在合并后成为“通缩”。换句话说，质押者仍将在供应可能减少的资产中获得估计的7-9%的质押奖励。 合并如何影响奖励？什么是MEV？质押者的以太坊奖励将在The Merge之后增加，因为现在矿工赚取的费用将在合并后支付给ETH质押者。最大可提取价值 (MEV) 也具有重要意义。 MEV是区块奖励和Gas费之外通过包含、排除和重新排序交易从区块生产中提取的最大价值。在以太坊网络上，搜索者目前正在寻找有利可图的机会，并向矿工支付费用以执行这些机会。随着转向PoS网络，这些MEV奖励中的大部分将给质押者。 Figment相信中立、安全和开放的MEV解决方案。运行MEV-Boost的验证者将获得更高的奖励率（~25% - 50%）。 
The Merge会减少ETH的发行吗？ETH的发行量将大幅下降约 90%，这意味着安全成本将大幅下降。与此同时，奖励可能会翻倍。目前由矿工赚取的优先费用或小费，将在合并后转给以太坊质押者。 The Merge会减少以太坊的能源消耗吗？是的。这是The Merge和PoS的主要成果之一。合并后，以太坊消耗的能源将比当前使用量少约99.95%。 来源：金色财经 |
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