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当前离线
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一提到金融,大家最先想到的恐怕就是银行。不管是转账、存款还是贷款,几乎都得通过银行来完成。这就是我们熟悉的中心化金融。银行,就是那个不可或缺的中心。& l8 k9 L* r5 O4 }& y9 ?
但有没有一种可能,金融活动可以不再依赖银行这样的中间机构?答案就是DeFi,去中心化金融。. A6 {: C' {3 E# j/ J" f
在DeFi的世界里,一切金融操作都在区块链上完成,靠的是提前写好的智能合约自动执行。
2 |5 l5 m& F% q' n没有柜台、没有信贷员、甚至没有银行,只有代码和规则。: H0 U. n8 l& T
以借贷为例。
8 \& Z: l) b5 r8 k9 O传统世界里,你想向银行贷款,得提交收入证明、抵押房产,签一堆文件,等银行审核通过后才能拿到钱。
6 W o2 W9 ~ x a: X而在DeFi中,这一切变得像在一个全自动的当铺里进行。你不用面对任何人,只需跟程序打交道。
- D7 m: o" e; N' w$ j1 }; e这个当铺能运转,靠的是下面3个核心部件
5 J, V) H, ~0 [: s8 f: B区块链好比一个公开的账本,记录所有交易,谁都不能篡改。比如在以太坊上记录了你的账户下有1000个以太币,你有这1000个以太币才能进行抵押借贷。" f6 f; |7 n6 J7 i$ E
然后抵押借钱的关键在于,你抵押的资产到底值多少钱。
6 a/ Y; Q3 |# b8 u9 e传统金融中有专门的人来评估你的房产。在Defi中则依靠Chainlink 预言机,它负责实时汇报外部价格。比如说1个以太币3000美元。
; V% \1 K8 T+ K2 @* L, f有了区块链和预言机,当铺才知道了你抵押的资产值多少钱。但你能借多少钱,利息多少,钱从哪里来。$ u7 t7 ^3 S8 v7 f b9 G3 H+ S& {8 A; b6 m
这些就是借贷协议层,这里就相当于当铺本体,规定了借贷行为的各种规则
5 U' ~. d: d: }. G* N典型代表有 Aave 和 Compound。
+ l2 e9 f. i: X比如我们定义了资金池,所有想赚利息的人,把钱存进来的,形成了一个大资金池。这些钱就可以拿去借给别人。
2 ?; j X- l8 s0 n* G# B. ~你想借钱,就从池子里拿。你存钱进去,就相当于当了债主,能收到别人借钱的利息。6 H$ ?# }; M8 ~* I( c( F; j
你想借100块钱,那你必须抵押价值至少150块的东西,防止你借钱跑了。# r i; A, r3 t
万一你抵押的东西价格暴跌,只值120块了,机器人店员不会打电话催你,会直接把你抵押的东西卖掉,先把100块本金拿回来,保护资金池的安全。这个过程就叫清算,对你来说很无情,但对存钱的人来说很安全。! M+ |8 \) F" S. R( Q
这些零零散散的借贷协议,保证了当铺的运作。# l7 Y) v$ U% I; C" J+ e
DeFi不是虚无的概念,它正在重构我们对金融的认知。当然,它仍处于早期阶段,高收益往往高风险,特别是智能合约漏洞和资产波动可能导致资产直接归零。
5 U+ m- M3 O* { |
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当前离线
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当前离线
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DeFi就是金融版的自助餐厅,无需排队银行,直接和智能合约搞定 |
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当前离线
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