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欧盟两大加密法案将颁布 进一步规范NFT、稳定币、DeFi
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全文导读
先前欧盟加密法规《资金转移条例》、《加密监管草案》已来到最终第三阶段，对于非托管钱包追踪、NFT、稳定币都有进一步规范。业内人士认为法案重要性如同欧盟个资法GDPR，后者因为不存在网络地域性等特征，对全球造成重大
先前欧盟加密法规《资金转移条例》、《加密监管草案》已来到最终第三阶段，对于非托管钱包追踪、NFT、稳定币都有进一步规范。业内人士认为法案重要性如同欧盟个资法GDPR，后者因为不存在网络地域性等特征，对全球造成重大影响。
针对两项法案MiCA(Markets in Crypto Assets，加密资产市场)、TFR(The Transfer of Funds Regulation，资金转移条例)可参考先前报导。
两项草案围绕在欧洲议会、理事会、委员会之间，第三次，也是具最终决定性的会议将在6/30举行。持续追踪此议题的前Unstoppable Finance策略主管、现任Presight Capital顾问的Patrick Hansen整理了仍有讨论空间的议题。
NFT在监管范围内？
NFT可能会被列入MiCA框架中，监管方让步的结果是：
1、多数NFT发行方豁免。
2、NFT交易市场的应用服务需要加密资产服务提供商(CASP)牌照(交易量过低可能被豁免)。
稳定币不能有利息
几项要点：
1、算法稳定币也需被监管
2、电子货币代币(e-money-tokens,EMT)、资产挂钩代币(asset-referenced-tokens,ART)的发行商将面对高规格监管要求。
3、禁止加密资产服务提供商(CASP)针对稳定币发放利息。
除第三点引人关注外，若稳定币在支付上取得大规模进展，MiCA法案还为欧盟当局提供禁止发行稳定币的选项。
DeFi
在长期交涉后，Patrick Hansen指出正统DeFi将被排除在MiCA监管范围外。
委员会在2023年会发布一份独立报告，启动名为嵌入式DeFi监管的试行专案。
加密货币环境议题
如先前报导，比特币禁令已不在讨论中，但加密资产所列出的每个加密货币，皆必须有全面性的披露要求。
资金转移条例(TFR)
哪些交易、转帐需上报？
1、已取消先前的1,000欧元门槛，代表转账皆属于资金转移条例范围。
2、P2P交易(钱包对钱包)不在TFR范围内。
这里有几项待定议题：
1.加密服务提供商(CASP)要求仅需向AML当局报告自非托管钱包收到超过1,000欧元以上的转账。目前理事会不赞同，但最终可能妥协。
2.议会赞成CASP在处理交易时，将非托管钱包识别为非托管钱包对手方，理事会、委员会皆反对，并建议CASP应通过链上分析来解决洗钱风险，并根据分析结果采取应对措施。
Patrick Hansen指出，欧盟也会考虑英国等其他主要司法管辖区在相关议题的处理方式，先前英国财政部表示，追踪、搜集所有发送至私人钱包的信息，是不合理的。因此他认为议会在资金转移的议题上将让步。
为何两项法案重要？
Patrick Hansen强调，欧盟是第一个实施加密综合监管框架的主要司法管辖区。
他将此与欧盟推出的，号称史上最严个资法GDPR(General Data Protection Regulation,通用资料保护规定)相比，GDPR虽然主要在欧盟实施，但因为网络无国界的特性，法规实际上没有地域性可言。
他认为这两项法案在一定程度上会成为全球标准，也连带影响美国、其它国家的法规制定。
来源：金色财经 |
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