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[虚拟币交流]
以太坊 2026 年转型：为什么基于证明的验证对节点至关重要（转）
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2月11日，以太坊（ETH）开发者和研究人员将齐聚一堂，参加首届L1-zkEVM研讨会。此次活动或将预示着未来以太坊区块验证将变得更快、更轻量、更便捷。: |/ N& L* N$ s# M
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路线图：L1-zkEVM 和 EIP-80258 S1 V3 b; z' s1 Q$ E" P# ~4 D! z
这项计划属于以太坊 2026 年 L1-zkEVM 路线图的一部分。其核心特性 EIP-8025（也称为可选执行证明）引入了一种新的验证途径。
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$ ]5 {+ ~. U; H5 g: V与其要求每个验证者重新运行（或“重新执行”）区块内的所有交易，系统将允许被称为 zkAttester 的专门参与者使用零知识 (ZK) 证明来验证区块。
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重要的是，此次升级是可选的。未进行升级的节点将继续按现有方式运行。) k: P# h2 R' q5 c8 @. t
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这为什么重要？
: S1 J: ]' O0 o" Z3 T现在，以太坊为了确认交易的正确性，验证者必须重新执行每个区块中的每笔交易。随着网络活动的增长，这将变得非常消耗资源。 G/ N1 i. [- V, o9 ?
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零知识证明改变了这种局面。验证者无需重复所有计算，只需检查一个加密证明即可确认区块的有效性。验证速度显著提升，硬件资源占用也大幅降低。
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更低的存储、带宽和计算需求，使得在消费级笔记本电脑上运行完全验证节点再次成为可能。
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8 O) e% y' D; W* l( _如果参与成本降低、参与门槛降低，即使 gas 限制和产量增加，个人质押者和家庭验证者也能保持竞争力。
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, t+ D- \7 Q0 k- o. J+ w安全、架构和全局& D0 P" |0 p+ X
根据 EIP-8025，区块只有在多个独立证明（目前提议为五个证明中至少三个）得到验证后才会被接受。这既保证了客户端的多样性，又降低了对单一实现的依赖。
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- B- U2 J. G. [% D. i4 e& `声明内容如下：$ w) k0 T3 s$ b/ y
' W: A* r- O9 Q) C这项工作分为六个子主题：执行见证和客户程序标准化、zkVM-guest API 标准化、CL 集成、证明器基础设施、基准测试和指标以及使用形式化验证的安全性。
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% I2 v( Q6 {6 B* V" U$ K' J除了 L1 层之外，此举还有助于规范执行见证人和 zkVM 接口。这将使已经致力于以太坊区块证明的 Rollup 和证明基础设施提供商受益。
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* ^* _4 r$ h9 g( r0 ]$ M最后想说的话5 T& i% \# [0 p3 }! c( d. S1 j
EIP-8025 可以让以太坊区块验证速度更快、重量更轻，从而能够再次在笔记本电脑上运行。! H' V" K# W* T9 g6 c* u( ?3 E
以太坊将在扩展其基础层的同时，有效提升安全性。- g5 p: l/ k, S- G- i: q: L
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这波升级挺硬核啊，以后验证更快更省力了，节点压力小多了 |
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