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[虚拟币交流]
以太坊 2026 年转型：为什么基于证明的验证对节点至关重要（转）
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2月11日，以太坊（ETH）开发者和研究人员将齐聚一堂，参加首届L1-zkEVM研讨会。此次活动或将预示着未来以太坊区块验证将变得更快、更轻量、更便捷。/ \; Q' b8 ]+ I; ~1 a& \: R
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路线图：L1-zkEVM 和 EIP-8025
W* I+ |2 y: e/ l& j- ~& y: X这项计划属于以太坊 2026 年 L1-zkEVM 路线图的一部分。其核心特性 EIP-8025（也称为可选执行证明）引入了一种新的验证途径。/ q( S. k) G4 c& V/ g7 Z# Z
+ i7 `7 G8 A! `& o5 m. X与其要求每个验证者重新运行（或“重新执行”）区块内的所有交易，系统将允许被称为 zkAttester 的专门参与者使用零知识 (ZK) 证明来验证区块。9 V- z$ X; A3 r' H, R( \
2 }% X5 w( j1 l0 Z! l# ^ [# l+ ^重要的是，此次升级是可选的。未进行升级的节点将继续按现有方式运行。
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这为什么重要？+ |$ V! G7 q* l; k
现在，以太坊为了确认交易的正确性，验证者必须重新执行每个区块中的每笔交易。随着网络活动的增长，这将变得非常消耗资源。
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零知识证明改变了这种局面。验证者无需重复所有计算，只需检查一个加密证明即可确认区块的有效性。验证速度显著提升，硬件资源占用也大幅降低。8 ^; O) H- A% U( c: z& s1 s% j
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更低的存储、带宽和计算需求，使得在消费级笔记本电脑上运行完全验证节点再次成为可能。
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如果参与成本降低、参与门槛降低，即使 gas 限制和产量增加，个人质押者和家庭验证者也能保持竞争力。* V* i- M' C5 r2 J
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安全、架构和全局
: G7 a+ f, L4 |# @# V. \# B根据 EIP-8025，区块只有在多个独立证明（目前提议为五个证明中至少三个）得到验证后才会被接受。这既保证了客户端的多样性，又降低了对单一实现的依赖。 U0 J; X* V @# J$ j, U
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声明内容如下：! r1 l: b) f. k( J- [) o7 s @
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这项工作分为六个子主题：执行见证和客户程序标准化、zkVM-guest API 标准化、CL 集成、证明器基础设施、基准测试和指标以及使用形式化验证的安全性。
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; C( I/ p$ t6 s, {6 X除了 L1 层之外，此举还有助于规范执行见证人和 zkVM 接口。这将使已经致力于以太坊区块证明的 Rollup 和证明基础设施提供商受益。9 D. w. J1 T' {% N7 O! _5 ]& ?
" X& u; f0 X# X4 y/ o8 n) Q' t最后想说的话( O; O. G* B G% b9 ?
EIP-8025 可以让以太坊区块验证速度更快、重量更轻，从而能够再次在笔记本电脑上运行。
( L1 P- ~/ i! Q! ~2 W1 I) ~, H以太坊将在扩展其基础层的同时，有效提升安全性。# f0 X9 N0 P& L2 i0 u0 X2 D
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这波升级要是成了，矿工节点怕是要卷出新高度啊，坐等看谁先吃上螃蟹。 |
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